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Math Utilities

TinyPanda provides built-in functions for common mathematical operations. These functions accept INTEGER and FLOAT values and return the type documented for each function.

abs​

Returns the absolute (non-negative) value of a number.

Syntax

abs(x)
  • x — INTEGER or FLOAT
  • Returns: same type as x
abs(5)      // 5
abs(-5)     // 5
abs(3.14)   // 3.14
abs(-3.14)  // 3.14

round​

Rounds a number to the nearest integer. Halfway values (.5) round away from zero.

Syntax

round(x)
  • x — INTEGER or FLOAT
  • Returns: INTEGER
round(4.2)   // 4
round(4.7)   // 5
round(4.5)   // 5
round(-4.5)  // -5
round(5)     // 5

floor​

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer (toward negative infinity).

Syntax

floor(x)
  • x — INTEGER or FLOAT
  • Returns: INTEGER
floor(5.9)   // 5
floor(5.1)   // 5
floor(-5.1)  // -6
floor(-5.9)  // -6
floor(5)     // 5

ceil​

Rounds a number up to the nearest integer (toward positive infinity).

Syntax

ceil(x)
  • x — INTEGER or FLOAT
  • Returns: INTEGER
ceil(5.1)    // 6
ceil(5.9)    // 6
ceil(-5.1)   // -5
ceil(-5.9)   // -5
ceil(5)      // 5

sqrt​

Returns the square root of a non-negative number.

Syntax

sqrt(x)
  • x — INTEGER or FLOAT, must be >= 0
  • Returns: FLOAT

Errors

  • sqrt(-1) → argument to `sqrt` must be a non-negative
sqrt(4)     // 4.0
sqrt(2)     // 1.4142135623730951
sqrt(0.25)  // 0.5
sqrt(0)     // 0.0

pow​

Returns x raised to the power of y.

Syntax

pow(x, y)
  • x — INTEGER or FLOAT (base)
  • y — INTEGER or FLOAT (exponent)
  • Returns: FLOAT

Errors

  • pow(0, -1) → pow(0, negative) is undefined
  • pow(-2, 0.5) → pow(negative, non-integer) is undefined
pow(2, 3)    // 8.0
pow(2.5, 2)  // 6.25
pow(4, 0.5)  // 2.0
pow(2, -1)   // 0.5
pow(3, 0)    // 1.0
pow(0, 5)    // 0.0

rand​

Generates a pseudo-random number. The return type and range depend on how many arguments are passed.

rand()​

Returns a random FLOAT in the range [0, 1) (0.0 inclusive, 1.0 exclusive).

rand()          // 0.742187...
rand()          // 0.123456...

rand(n)​

Returns a random INTEGER in the range [0, n) (0 inclusive, n exclusive).

  • n must be a positive INTEGER
rand(10)        // 7
rand(10)        // 3
rand(6)         // 4 (dice roll)

Errors

  • rand(-5) → argument to `rand` must be positive
  • rand(0) → argument to `rand` must be positive

rand(min, max)​

Returns a random INTEGER in the range [min, max) (min inclusive, max exclusive).

  • min and max must be INTEGER
  • min must be less than max
rand(1, 7)      // 4 (dice roll)
rand(5, 10)     // 7
rand(-5, 5)     // -2

Errors

  • rand(5, 2) → min must be less than max.
  • rand(1, 2, 3) → wrong number of arguments, expected 0, 1, or 2